Periodontal disease can directly affect diabetes management. Chronic periodontal infection causes ongoing inflammation and increases inflammatory mediators that can contribute to insulin resistance. As insulin resistance worsens, blood glucose levels become more difficult to control and may result in elevated HbA1c levels.

Treatment of periodontal disease has been associated with improvements in glycemic control in some patients, reinforcing the importance of oral health as part of comprehensive diabetes care. Medical providers should consider oral health when evaluating patients with persistently elevated HbA1c levels despite appropriate medical management.

With the growing use of GLP-1 receptor agonists, providers should be aware that side effects may include increased risk of oral health complications.  Patients taking GLP-1 receptor agonists may experience dry mouth, acid reflux, nausea, or vomiting, which can increase the risk of caries and enamel erosion.

Encouraging patients to receive routine dental care, maintain good oral hygiene, and seek prompt treatment for periodontal disease may support both oral health and improved glycemic outcomes.